Rare oil beetle rediscovered in Wales

Researchers have rediscovered the rare Meloe brevicollis, commonly known as the oil beetle, in the Castlemartin Range of Pembrokeshire, Wales. The discovery of active larvae indicates that the species is successfully reproducing in a region where it had been considered missing for decades.

The beetle is known for a unique defense mechanism called reflex bleeding, where it exudes a yellowish or orange oily substance from its leg joints when threatened. This chemical secretion acts as a natural repellent against predators but can cause skin irritation in humans.

The survival of the species is tied to a complex ecological relationship with solitary bees. After hatching, the larvae, known as triungulini, use hooked legs to attach themselves to solitary bees. They are then transported to bee nests, where they feed on stored pollen. Because of this dependency, the beetle's population is highly vulnerable to habitat loss, specifically the reduction of wildflowers, dense vegetation, and exposed soil.