Recycled textile certifications and the limitations of recycled polyester

The Global Recycled Standard (GRS) provides a voluntary certification framework for products and supply chains containing recycled materials. Owned by Textile Exchange, the system utilizes independent third-party bodies to verify recycled content, chain-of-custody records, and social and environmental requirements at processing sites.

However, experts warn that recycled labels can be misleading. Shopping writer Bryce Gruber has noted that many brands promote recycled polyester as a sustainable breakthrough, even though it is often sourced from plastic bottles rather than old clothing. This practice may not support a truly circular economy, as turning bottles into garments—especially when blended with other fibers—can make future recycling more difficult.

Additionally, concerns have been raised regarding the durability and environmental impact of recycled polyester. Some studies suggest that recycled polyester may shed more microfibers than virgin polyester, and the material remains a fossil-fuel-based plastic that does not biodegrade.