Researchers explore fasting mimetics to mimic calorie restriction benefits

Researchers are investigating ways to achieve the longevity benefits of calorie restriction without the physical drawbacks of hunger or impaired growth. A study published in Nature Aging suggests that moderate calorie reduction can target biological aging by influencing specific immune proteins.

Analysis of data from the National Institutes of Health-funded CALERIE trial showed that participants who reduced calorie intake by 11% to 14% over two years experienced a significant decrease in complement component 3 (C3). C3 is an immune protein linked to 'inflammaging'—the chronic, low-grade inflammation that occurs with age.

Scientists are exploring 'fasting mimetics'—substances such as metformin, spermidine, or rapamycin—that may simulate the biochemical advantages of fasting at a cellular level. These mimetics aim to activate autophagy, a cellular cleaning process that removes damaged proteins, potentially extending healthy lifespan without the need for strict dietary deprivation.