Researchers identify immune pathway driving chronic inflammation

Researchers have identified a previously unknown mechanism that can trigger the complement system, potentially explaining how chronic inflammation damages healthy tissue. A study published in Nature by Mass General Brigham scientists highlights the role of the protein granzyme K (GZMK), which is produced by CD8-positive T cells.

GZMK can activate the complement system, creating a chain reaction that intensifies inflammation. While inflammation is a necessary defense against infection, chronic inflammation is linked to long-term conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, heart disease, and certain neurological diseases. In animal models, mice unable to produce GZMK showed milder symptoms and less tissue damage.

Complementary research published in eLife explores how the C3-C3aR axis modulates trained immunity in alveolar macrophages, further contributing to the understanding of immune system regulation and response.