Researchers identify immune system trigger for preterm labor

A study involving more than 2,000 pregnant women has identified antibodies that may trigger preterm labor. Published in Nature Immunology, the research suggests these antibodies target the protein IL-1RA, which normally blocks IL-1-beta, a molecule that drives inflammation and uterine contractions.

By neutralizing IL-1RA, the antibodies allow IL-1-beta levels to rise unchecked, potentially leading to early labor. In mouse models, injecting these antibodies resulted in increased IL-1-beta levels and placental damage similar to that seen in human preterm deliveries.

Researchers noted that while these antibodies were present in only a fraction of preterm births, the discovery offers a potential pathway for prevention. The drug Kineret, produced by Swedish Orphan Biovitrum, which is used to treat other inflammatory conditions, may be useful in preventing preterm births by regulating IL-1 levels.