Researchers identify new biological drivers of colorectal cancer

Researchers have identified new biological factors that influence the progression and survival rates of colorectal cancer.

A study published in JAMA Network Open, involving institutions such as Mass General Brigham Cancer Institute and the Broad Institute, analyzed tumor samples from 837 patients. Using artificial intelligence and advanced imaging, researchers found that a higher number of small blood vessels, or microvessels, was linked to better survival rates. Conversely, tumors with larger, abnormal vessels or those showing active angiogenesis were associated with poorer outcomes.

In a separate study published in Science, MIT biologists identified a cellular pathway that triggers the spread of colon cancer to organs like the liver. This pathway is controlled by the YAP1 protein, which is typically used for tissue repair but is hijacked by cancer cells to promote migration. The research suggests that high-fat diets may activate this pathway through the production of ceramides. Scientists believe that drugs targeting ceramide production could potentially prevent metastasis in patients.