Researchers identify new mechanisms in cancer cell survival and immune evasion

Scientists have uncovered new ways in which cancer cells evade treatment and manipulate the immune system. Research from Trinity College Dublin indicates that cancer cells can enter a “zombie-like state” known as premature senescence to survive chemotherapy. This state allows tumors to exploit the body’s wound-healing processes, tricking the immune system into providing nutrients and oxygen that facilitate malignant cell division rather than destruction.

The study found that Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs) enable tumors to escape the cell-killing effects of chemotherapy by neutralizing molecules called ‘Death Receptors’ that are triggered by DNA damage.

In a separate development, researchers at WEHI have identified a specialized population of immune cells, known as gamma delta T cells, capable of detecting and destroying small cell lung cancer (SCLC). SCLC is a highly aggressive form of cancer with a five-year survival rate of less than 7%. These cells can attack tumors even when they escape detection by conventional immune cells. The research also suggests that existing medications may be used to enhance the effectiveness of these cells, potentially improving immunotherapy outcomes for patients.