Roman engineers used inverted siphons to move water uphill

Researchers have utilized computer modeling and virtual simulations to reconstruct how ancient Roman engineers moved water uphill using an inverted siphon system. While Roman aqueducts primarily relied on gravity to transport water, certain terrains required water to traverse valleys and ascend slopes.

In the ancient city of Aspendos, located in modern-day Turkey, a second-century aqueduct utilized a sophisticated hydraulic system involving two towers and reservoirs. By creating an entrance reservoir on one side of a valley and a receiving reservoir at a slightly lower elevation on the other, engineers used the pressure generated by the water's descent to push it back up the opposite side.

Studies published in the Journal of Archaeological Science and the Journal of Roman Archaeology highlight the importance of managing pressure and preventing air pockets. Large reservoirs were essential to allow air bubbles to escape, ensuring the continuous flow of water through the pressurized pipes.