Russia asserts dominance in the Arctic region

Russia is positioning the Arctic as a cornerstone of its future national prosperity, leveraging its control over approximately 53% of the Arctic Ocean’s coastline. The region holds significant economic and strategic value, containing vast oil, gas, and mineral reserves, as well as hosting critical military bases and elements of Russia’s nuclear deterrent.

As climate change causes sea ice to retreat, Moscow aims to develop the Northern Sea Route into a major trade artery connecting Europe and Asia. This expansion has intensified geopolitical competition, with EU foreign policy chief Kaja Kallas describing the area as a “frontline of global power competition.” While the EU and NATO seek to increase their presence and icebreaker capacity, Russia maintains it has “never threatened anyone in the Arctic” but remains committed to protecting its sovereign interests.