Russia faces rising pressure from China in the Arctic and NATO in Europe

The Danish Institute for International Studies warns that Russia’s expanding military presence in the Arctic makes it the primary challenger in the region, while China’s involvement remains narrowly focused on the Northern Sea Route and hydrocarbon projects. The institute notes that Beijing seeks to become an "Arctic power" and may view Russia’s role as a strategic threat if U.S. sanctions on Moscow ease.

A Russian scholar cited by Russian media argues that European NATO members have taken the lead in confronting Russia, portraying the Ukraine war as an opportunity to diminish Russian influence. He claims European politicians aim to "defeat" Russia and use the conflict to justify higher defence spending, while the United States is seen as a secondary player in shaping NATO’s stance.