Russia remains top US uranium enrichment supplier

Despite US restrictions and sanctions, Russia remains the largest supplier of uranium enrichment services to US nuclear utilities. According to reports in Foreign Policy, Rosatom supplied 26% of the enrichment services purchased by US nuclear operators in 2025, valued at approximately $1 billion. This surpassed the output of the only large-scale enrichment plant currently operating within the United States, which provided 23% of the supply.

While a 2024 US presidential decree prohibits uranium imports from Russia through 2040, the legislation includes waivers that allow for the purchase of roughly 470 tons of Russian uranium per year until 2028. This dependency is particularly acute for Centrus Energy, a US nuclear fuel supplier whose low-enriched uranium business, which relies heavily on Russian supplies, accounted for 77% of its revenue in 2025.

Although the United States is investing billions to rebuild domestic enrichment capacity, new domestic producers do not anticipate reaching commercial-scale output before the 2030s. Consequently, Russian nuclear expertise and enrichment capacity continue to play a critical role in the US energy sector.