San Marino and Japan cited among the world's oldest nations

Determining the world's oldest country is complex, with several nations frequently cited. San Marino, founded on September 3, 301, is a primary candidate. Named after Saint Marinus, a stonemason from present-day Croatia, the nation is centered around Mount Titano. The historic center of the city and Mount Titano were recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2008.

San Marino is the world's fifth smallest country, covering 61 square kilometers. Its economy is driven by tourism and banking, alongside industries such as textiles, electronics, and wine production.

Japan is another notable mention. While archaeological evidence suggests human habitation in the region as far back as 30,000 years ago, identifying a specific founding date is difficult. Tradition credits Emperor Jimmu as the first ruler of Japan.