Sanford Burnham Prebys researchers identify cancer immune evasion mechanism

Researchers from the Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, in collaboration with North American scientific institutions, have identified a mechanism that allows certain cancer cells to evade the immune system. The study, published in Science Daily, reveals that cancer cells can build a dense layer of sugar molecules known as the glycocalyx to shield themselves from immune surveillance.

Findings indicate that high glucose levels in the tumor environment can increase the thickness of this sugar shield. Additionally, the protein HSF1 was found to play a key role in enhancing this evasion mechanism. Scientists suggest that targeting the HSF1 protein could potentially reduce the thickness of the glycocalyx, making cancer cells more visible and vulnerable to the body’s immune defenses and immunotherapy.

The research highlights a potential link between metabolic conditions, such as type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, and the ability of tumors to strengthen their defenses. While the study does not suggest that high sugar causes cancer, it provides insight into how the metabolic environment of a tumor influences cancer cell behavior.