Scalp health: Identifying head lice, dandruff, and dry scalp

Health experts provide guidance on identifying and managing common scalp conditions, including head lice, dandruff, and dry scalp.

Head lice, or pediculosis, are small parasites that feed on blood from the scalp. According to the Croatian Institute of Public Health, infestations are most common in autumn and spring, particularly among children in kindergartens and primary schools. Lice are difficult to spot as they move quickly and avoid light, while their eggs, known as nits, are firmly attached to hair shafts near the scalp. Nits can be mistaken for dandruff but must be removed manually.

Dermatologists also highlight the differences between dandruff and a dry scalp. Dandruff is often a symptom of seborrheic dermatitis, an inflammatory condition caused by an overreaction to the Malassezia fungus. It typically presents with yellowish, oily, or larger flakes and may appear on the eyebrows, ears, or beard. In contrast, a dry scalp is often caused by external factors like harsh products or internal factors like eczema, typically resulting in small, white flakes and a sensation of tightness without significant inflammation.