Scientists develop bio-based construction materials for Earth and Mars

Researchers are developing innovative biological materials for construction on Earth and in space. An international team led by scientists from Manipal University Jaipur, in collaboration with the Trenchless Technology Center at Louisiana Technological University, has created a sustainable cement using human fecal sludge. This biochar-based material can make concrete up to 42% stronger than standard versions while potentially reducing the carbon dioxide emissions associated with traditional cement production.

Separately, a research group led by Ning Liu at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology is exploring the use of genetically modified yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to create “living” construction materials for Mars. By engineering yeast to produce adhesive proteins and combining them with gelatin and mineral granules, the team aims to utilize Mars' cold temperatures and low atmospheric pressure to facilitate material production. This method seeks to avoid the high-temperature processes required by traditional Martian regolith construction, offering a more practical solution for space habitation.