Scientists pinpoint genetic mutation behind orange cat coats

An international team of researchers has identified a small DNA alteration on the X chromosome near the gene ARHGAP36 that drives the orange coloration in domestic cats. The variant changes how the gene is activated, boosting production of the pigment feomelanin while reducing eumelanin, which explains why orange coats are far more common in male cats, who have only one X chromosome.

The study also examined whether the mutation influences the reputed friendly and playful temperament of orange cats but found no direct link between coat color genetics and behavior. Researchers say the discovery resolves a century‑old mystery in feline genetics and opens new avenues for studying regulatory DNA regions and how minor genetic tweaks can shape animal traits without altering primary gene structures.