New Sea Anemone Immune Protein Offers Hope for Coral Reef Protection

Scientists from Israel’s Hebrew University and the University of North Carolina at Charlotte have identified a novel immune protein, CARDIB (CARD Inhibitor Binding Protein), in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. The protein functions as a “switch‑off” mechanism, preventing over‑activation of the immune response, in contrast to the human MAVS protein that acts as a “switch‑on.” Using CRISPR to delete the CARDIB gene, researchers showed that edited anemones are vulnerable to viral infection in natural outdoor tanks in South Carolina, highlighting CARDIB’s protective role.

Lead author Dr. Ton Sharoni says the finding overturns the long‑standing view that all animals share a common antiviral immune system inherited from a common ancestor. Professor Yehu Moran added that the discovery “shows CARDIB keeps the immune system in check, acting like a switch‑off.” The work, published in Nature Ecology & Evolution, could inform new strategies to bolster coral reefs against disease and climate‑related stress.

The study underscores the diverse evolutionary solutions to viral defense and opens avenues for applying the anemone’s unique immunity to coral conservation efforts worldwide.