Seasonal illnesses and the role of cold weather in infection spread

Medical experts clarify that cold weather itself does not cause respiratory infections or urinary tract infections, but rather creates conditions that facilitate the spread of viruses and bacteria.

Regarding respiratory issues, cold temperatures can cause blood vessels in the nose to constrict, reducing the secretion of local immunity-boosting substances like immunoglobulin A. Additionally, many viruses thrive at nasal temperatures around 32 degrees Celsius. Other contributing factors include spending more time in crowded, enclosed spaces and breathing dry air from heaters, which can dry out nasal mucosa and increase vulnerability.

Urinary tract infections also see a seasonal increase. Experts note that low temperatures can paralyze the cilia in the bladder that normally aid in clearing bacteria, potentially allowing microbes to ascend and cause infection.

To maintain immunity, specialists recommend adequate sleep, regular physical activity, a balanced diet, and frequent hand washing. While vitamin D deficiency can impact immunity during winter, supplementation should only be used if a deficiency is confirmed.