Respiratory viruses increase during seasonal temperature changes

Seasonal changes and dropping temperatures are linked to an increase in respiratory infections, though cold weather itself does not cause illness. Instead, the context of the colder season facilitates the spread of viruses. As people spend more time in enclosed, poorly ventilated spaces, the opportunity for respiratory viruses to circulate increases.

Research published in PNAS indicates that certain viruses, such as rhinovirus, may replicate more efficiently at lower nasal temperatures (around 33 degrees Celsius) compared to normal body temperature (37 degrees Celsius). Additionally, dry air and reduced humidity during winter can affect respiratory defenses and virus transmission.

To mitigate infection risks, health experts recommend several preventive measures:

• Frequent handwashing with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.

• Maintaining good indoor ventilation by opening windows periodically to refresh air.

• Practicing respiratory etiquette, such as covering coughs and sneezes with a tissue or an elbow.

• Avoiding touching the eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands.

• Supporting the immune system through regular sleep, a balanced diet rich in vitamins, and physical activity.