September 11 attacks reshaped the global geopolitical order

The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, fundamentally altered the global geopolitical order, shifting the trajectories of major powers including the United States, Russia, and China.

Following the attacks, the United States prioritized national security, moving away from its traditional multilateral roles. This shift included withdrawing from the Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty to develop missile defense systems, such as the Ground-Based Midcourse Defense program. These developments led to significant international friction, notably prompting Russia to withdraw from the START II strategic arms reduction treaty.