Silicon solar cells could reduce satellite power costs by 90%

A review led by the University of Surrey suggests that modern silicon solar cells could reduce the cost of powering satellites by as much as 90% based on beginning-of-life performance. While specialized triple-junction cells—made from materials like gallium, indium, and germanium—currently cost between $250 and $450 per watt, mass-produced silicon designs cost significantly less, with averages ranging from approximately $0.27 to $0.39 per watt.

Beyond cost savings, the research indicates that silicon designs could potentially halve the weight of the solar cells required for a spacecraft. This reduction in mass could allow for more fuel or scientific instruments, or alternatively, lower launch costs. Although silicon cells produce about 28% less power per surface area than specialized cells and face challenges regarding radiation resistance, the researchers found that even when accounting for larger panel structures and protective space-qualified glass, silicon remains considerably more economical.

The study, published in Acta Astronautica, utilized data from spacecraft provided by Surrey Satellite Technology Limited and modeled the impact on both CubeSats and Micro Satellites.