Skin aging influenced by genetics, sun exposure, and lifestyle

Skin aging is determined by a combination of age, genetics, and the exposome, including factors such as sun exposure, pollution, and daily habits. Dr. Miguel Sánchez Viera, director of the Instituto de Dermatología Integral (IDEI), emphasizes that while some age-related changes are inevitable, many factors can be managed through consistent care.

A fundamental skincare routine should consist of three pillars: gentle cleansing, adequate hydration, and broad-spectrum SPF 50 sun protection. Physical measures, such as seeking shade and wearing protective clothing, should complement topical protection. Additionally, a varied diet, sufficient rest, and avoiding tobacco contribute to overall skin health.

For specific concerns like fine lines or texture irregularities, retinoids are noted for their scientific evidence in treating photoaging. However, these should be introduced gradually to respect individual skin tolerance. Dr. Sánchez Viera advises that effective skincare does not require numerous products, but rather an understanding of what is being used and how often, warning that irritation or persistent peeling are signs of over-treatment.