Song Dynasty official proposed banning joss paper production 900 years ago

Historical records indicate that the production and sale of joss paper (ritual offerings) was a significant economic industry in China as early as the 12th century. In 1139, during the Southern Song Dynasty, an official named Liao Jiang submitted a memorial to the emperor proposing a ban on the practice.

Liao Jiang expressed concerns that the manufacturing of these paper items was consuming excessive labor that should otherwise be dedicated to agriculture. He argued that the practice was wasteful and detrimental to the economy. Research by historian Wei Huaxian suggests that during the Northern Song period, cities like Kaifeng already hosted specialized workshops and shops dedicated to ritual paper goods.

This historical debate mirrors modern discussions regarding the social and economic costs of ritual traditions. While these items fulfill spiritual needs, they have historically drawn criticism for diverting resources and labor away from productive sectors.