South Africa: 43 boys die in traditional Ulwaluko ceremonies

At least 43 boys have died this year during Ulwaluko, a traditional South African circumcision ritual marking the transition to manhood. Dozens of other initiates have suffered severe injuries, including amputations.

While the ceremonies are intended to be conducted by experienced traditional surgeons, many are now being held at illegal initiation schools. These unregulated sites often employ unskilled individuals who use inappropriate tools such as old spears, scissors, or razor blades. Common causes of death include gangrene, sepsis, and severe dehydration. A government report revealed a broader crisis, recording 322 deaths and thousands of hospitalizations between 2021 and 2024.

Authorities have taken action by closing 42 illegal facilities, making 40 arrests, and rescuing approximately 180 boys. There have also been reports of criminal gangs kidnapping minors to force them into these ceremonies. Minister of Traditional Affairs Velenkosini Hlabisa emphasized that the preservation of tradition must be balanced with the constitutional right to life and safety.