South Korea bus routes and terminals decline amid rail expansion

South Korea is experiencing a significant decline in intercity and express bus services, leading to growing transportation inequality between regions with and without high-speed rail access.

Data from the Korea Federation of Intercity and Express Bus Transport Associations shows that the number of bus routes fell to 3,203 last year, a 30.1% decrease from 4,584 routes in 2015. Passenger numbers have also plummeted, dropping 58.2% over the last 20 years. This decline is attributed to the expansion of the KTX and SRT high-speed rail networks, which have captured long-distance travelers, as well as the lasting impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The crisis has extended to infrastructure, with 44 private bus terminals closing or suspending operations since 2018. Recent closures and planned shutdowns include the Daejeon Seonam Terminal and terminals in Gokseong and Uljin. The industry faces further pressure as rail fares are expected to decrease by approximately 10% following the integration of KTX and SRT services, while bus fares are projected to rise by about 9% due to increased labor and fuel costs.

To address the potential isolation of rural and small-city residents who rely on buses for essential travel, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport is pursuing an amendment to designate high-publicity routes as ‘essential routes’ to ensure continued service despite low profitability.