South Korea faces tensions over AI data center and semiconductor expansion

The rapid expansion of the AI and semiconductor industries in South Korea is creating significant tension regarding energy, water resources, and regional development. The push for massive semiconductor complexes, such as the one in Yongin, requires immense power, leading to plans for multiple LNG power plants that could increase greenhouse gas emissions.

AI data centers are also a major point of contention. In urban areas like Seoul's Geumcheon District, residents are protesting against data center construction due to concerns over electromagnetic waves, fire risks, and heat. Conversely, in regional areas like Donghae, data centers are welcomed as drivers of economic revitalization and job creation.

In Gyeonggi Province, budget cuts are complicating AI infrastructure goals. Experts suggest that instead of building expensive, independent systems, the province should focus on a ‘regional sovereign AI’ strategy by connecting national infrastructure with local data to improve policy efficiency.