Southern Illinois University researchers turn plastic waste into 3D-printed food

Researchers at Southern Illinois University Carbondale have developed a method to transform plastic waste and agricultural scraps into edible, 3D-printed snacks called ‘µBites’. The process utilizes oxidative hydrothermal dissolution to break down polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and biomass, such as corn stalks and leaves, into small carbon molecules using water, oxygen, high temperature, and pressure.

Genetically engineered yeast strains are then used to consume these molecules and synthesize essential nutrients. Specifically, one strain of yeast has been modified to produce vanillin for flavor, while another has been adapted to produce beta-carotene, a precursor to vitamin A. These ingredients are combined with fiber, starch, and sweeteners to create a dough that is extruded through a 3D food printer.

The project was developed as part of NASA’s ‘Deep Space Food Challenge’ to address food security in resource-limited environments, such as long-duration space missions, disaster zones, or submarines. While data indicates the product is safe and free of toxic chemicals or heavy metals, the team is currently awaiting institutional approval to conduct human taste tests.