Space agriculture: Scientists grow crops for Moon and Mars missions

Scientists are conducting experiments to grow food in space to support future human settlements on the Moon and Mars. As space agencies from the US and China, along with private companies, move toward establishing long-term research bases, the ability to produce fresh food becomes a critical necessity alongside energy and water.

Currently, astronauts rely on food supplies sent from Earth, a system that would be too costly and complex for permanent off-world colonies. Researchers are testing various crops, including lettuce, tomatoes, radishes, chickpeas, and broccoli, using hydroponics—growing plants in nutrient-rich water without traditional soil. This method is particularly important for the Moon, where the surface material lacks the organic content required for standard agriculture.