Spanish Health Ministry warns of deadly toxicity in forest‑fire smoke

The Spanish Ministry of Health issued a technical guide warning that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from forest‑fire smoke is highly toxic. The 25‑page report notes that exposure can cause respiratory, cardiovascular and neurological effects, and that small increases in PM2.5 concentration are linked to a 0.7 % rise in overall mortality and up to 1.3 % in respiratory deaths. European studies cited suggest fire‑related particles may be more harmful than traffic emissions because of their chemical composition and oxidative potential. The guide warns that surgical masks are insufficient protection and recommends the use of higher‑grade respirators, alongside preventive measures for the public and workers.

The ministry also highlights the potential for particles to reach brain tissue, possibly affecting concentration and attention over time. This is the first specific national guidance on health risks from forest‑fire smoke, aimed at informing prevention and response strategies across the country.