Stanford researchers identify enzyme linked to cartilage regeneration

A research team from Stanford University has identified the enzyme 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) as a key factor in cartilage degradation. According to a study published in the journal Science, levels of this enzyme increase in aging tissues, negatively impacting chondrocytes—the cells responsible for maintaining and repairing joint cartilage.

In laboratory tests, researchers administered an inhibitor of 15-PGDH to mice. The treatment resulted in thicker cartilage that exhibited characteristics of healthy hyaline cartilage. In older mice experiencing age-related cartilage loss, a single injection into the knee joint successfully regenerated load-bearing cartilage that functionally resembled younger tissue. Additionally, the treatment reduced the risk of developing osteoarthritis by approximately 50 percent in mice with injuries similar to ACL tears.