Sudan conflict fueled by foreign arms and external actors, UN reports

The conflict in Sudan between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF), led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF), led by Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo (Hemedti), has entered its fourth year. United Nations reports indicate that the war has evolved from an internal struggle into a crisis with significant regional and international dimensions due to the continuous flow of foreign weapons, fighters, and funding.

Investigations into UN Security Council sanctions systems have identified various routes used to transport military equipment to the warring parties, with a particular emphasis on supplies reaching the RSF in Darfur. These operations involve networks of intermediaries, private companies, regional airports, and foreign combatants. This external involvement has established logistical and financial networks that allow armed groups to sustain military operations while the civilian population faces massive displacement, infrastructure destruction, and a severe food crisis.