Sun exposure impacts male reproductive health and testosterone

Sun exposure presents a dual impact on male reproductive health, acting as both a benefit and a risk factor. Solar radiation is the primary source for vitamin D synthesis, which plays a critical role in regulating male reproductive function, sperm quality, and testosterone synthesis.

However, prolonged exposure to high temperatures can cause increased testicular temperature, which disrupts spermatogenesis and increases oxidative stress. Dr. Anastasios Livanios, a urologist and scientific director at Menclinic, notes that an increase in testicular temperature of just 1°C to 2°C can dramatically reduce sperm concentration and motility while increasing DNA fragmentation. Managing sun exposure is therefore essential to balance the hormonal benefits of vitamin D with the risks of thermal stress.