Thermalism in Portugal: therapeutic mineral water treatments

Thermalism remains a long-standing tradition in Portugal, with dozens of active thermal resorts located primarily in the northern and central interior regions. Unlike standard spas that focus on general wellness and heated pools, thermal resorts utilize officially recognized natural mineral waters for specific therapeutic treatments under medical supervision.

These medical programs are commonly used to treat rheumatic and musculoskeletal conditions, such as osteoarthritis and chronic spinal pain, as well as respiratory issues, skin diseases, and digestive or circulatory ailments. Treatments vary from baths and showers to inhalations, mud applications, and hydromassage. While short weekend programs exist for relaxation, classic therapeutic programs typically last one to two weeks to ensure effectiveness through repetition.

Certain prescribed treatments at recognized resorts may be eligible for reimbursement through health subsystems or, under specific conditions, via the National Health Service (Serviço Nacional de Saúde).