Tinnitus symptoms and when to seek medical attention

Tinnitus is characterized by hearing sounds such as ringing, buzzing, hissing, or pulsing that originate from within the head or ears rather than the external environment. While often not dangerous and sometimes transient, it can be linked to various underlying conditions.

According to the NHS, potential causes include hearing loss, Ménière's disease, diabetes, thyroid disorders, multiple sclerosis, anxiety, or depression. It can also occur as a side effect of certain medications, including some antibiotics, chemotherapy drugs, aspirin, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Medical consultation is recommended if the sounds are persistent, worsen over time, occur primarily in one ear, or interfere with sleep, concentration, and mental health. Urgent medical attention is necessary if the tinnitus follows a head injury or is accompanied by sudden hearing loss, facial muscle weakness, dizziness, or if the sound pulses in rhythm with the heartbeat.