Toyota announces 2028 autonomous driving roadmap

Toyota has announced a roadmap for its autonomous driving technology, planning to introduce a “Level 2++” system in 2028. This marketing term describes a system positioned between SAE Level 2 and Level 3, where the human driver remains responsible for monitoring the road and maintaining control.

Technically, Toyota is developing an end-to-end (E2E) AI architecture. To address the unpredictability of neural networks, the company is implementing a “guardrail” mechanism. This layer uses human-set rules to intercept and correct unexpected AI decisions, providing a way to trace the cause of accidents.

Looking further ahead, Toyota aims to achieve Level 4 high-level autonomy for commercial shuttle services by 2030. The company is also exploring potential collaborations with Waymo to enter the robotaxi market.