Tropical tree size does not determine drought vulnerability

Research conducted over the last decade indicates that the response of tropical forests to drought does not follow a single universal pattern. While hydraulic theory suggests that larger trees are more vulnerable due to the difficulty of transporting water vertically, global evidence shows that resilience depends on specific species and local adaptations.

During the 2015-2016 El Niño event, observations in the Amazon revealed higher mortality rates among larger trees, particularly in dry areas and species with less dense wood. However, data from African forests during the same period showed the opposite: growth reductions were more pronounced in smaller trees, while giants appeared more protected against water stress.

In Southeast Asia, dipterocarps—which reach extreme heights and possess high wood density—demonstrate the ability to compensate for height challenges through anatomical and physiological adjustments. Scientists suggest that studying the survival mechanisms of these giant trees could provide insights for developing more drought-resistant crops, efficient reforestation, and adapted urban vegetation.