Type 2 diabetes research utilizes stem cells to study genetic risks

Researchers at Lund University's Diabetes Centre are using advanced stem cell technology to investigate the genetic mechanisms behind type 2 diabetes. Led by Malin Fex, the research group utilizes a method where skin cells are reprogrammed into stem cells, which are then developed into insulin-producing beta cells.

By employing CRISPR gene-editing technology, the team can remove specific genetic variants associated with diabetes risk to observe how these changes affect beta cell function. This approach aims to better understand how approximately one thousand known genetic variants interact with environmental and lifestyle factors to drive the disease.

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by reduced insulin sensitivity and impaired beta cell function. If left unmanaged, the condition can lead to severe complications, including neuropathy, vision loss, cardiovascular disease, and joint deformities. It is estimated that one-third of individuals living with the condition are unaware of their diagnosis due to often mild initial symptoms.