Understanding vertigo and balance disorders in older adults

Balance disorders and vertigo can stem from various causes, including issues within the brain or the vestibular system of the inner ear. Common conditions include Benign Positional Paroxysmal Vertigo (BPPV), where calcium crystals dislodge within the semicircular canals, and vestibular neuronitis, an inflammatory condition of the nerves. If the cochlear nerve is involved, it may result in labyrinthitis, which can cause hearing loss.

In older adults, balance problems do not always manifest as the classic spinning sensation of vertigo. Subtle signs of instability can include unsteadiness, hesitation when turning, holding onto furniture, or difficulty walking in low light. Clinical studies in India indicate that nearly 31% of older adults experience falls, with a significant portion resulting in injuries or fractures. As the aging population in India is projected to exceed 20% by 2050, addressing these hidden balance issues is a growing public health priority to prevent loss of independence and mobility.