United States targets Argentina's lithium and copper for strategic supply chains

The United States is strengthening its strategic interest in Argentina's mining sector, specifically targeting lithium and copper to secure supply chains for the global energy transition and reduce dependence on China. This bilateral push aims to position Argentina as a key geopolitical and commercial partner in South America.

Official projections suggest that Argentina's mining exports could rise significantly, potentially reaching over $41 billion by 2035, up from approximately $6 billion in 2025. This growth is driven by Argentina's massive lithium reserves, which rank fifth globally with an estimated 23 million tons of lithium carbonate equivalent, though identified resources could exceed 165 million tons.

The sector currently includes seven operational lithium projects, four under construction, and numerous others in exploration or feasibility stages. To realize these economic goals, experts emphasize the need for legal certainty, clear regulatory frameworks, and improved logistical infrastructure. The competition for these critical minerals is central to the broader geopolitical rivalry between Washington and Beijing regarding control over essential technologies and battery manufacturing.