University of Michigan study links loss of healthy fat cells to diabetes

Researchers at the University of Michigan examined the rare genetic disorder familial partial lipodystrophy type 2 (FPLD2), in which healthy adipose tissue is lost from parts of the body. Using a mouse model in which the lamin A/C gene – the gene mutated in FPLD2 patients – was switched off in adipocytes, and by analysing fat tissue donated by patients, the team found that diseased fat cells could no longer store or break down lipids properly. The cells became highly inflamed and their mitochondria ceased functioning, creating a cascade that disrupted blood‑sugar regulation, hormone balance and energy metabolism. The resulting metabolic disturbance can lead to type‑2 diabetes, fatty‑liver disease and other serious conditions. The study underscores the essential role of healthy fat as an organ that protects metabolic health.