University of Oulu researchers identify target to prevent preterm birth

Researchers at the University of Oulu have identified alpha-1 antitrypsin as a potential target for preventing spontaneous preterm birth. Through a large-scale genetic analysis involving more than 200,000 mothers, the study established a link between the SERPINA1 gene, which encodes alpha-1 antitrypsin, and shorter pregnancy durations.

The study specifically highlighted the Pi*Z variant of the SERPINA1 gene. Mothers carrying two copies of this variant experienced pregnancies that were, on average, nine days shorter than those with other gene forms. This finding builds on previous observations that alpha-1 antitrypsin levels were lower in the placentas of mothers who delivered preterm.

In experimental mouse models, treatment with human alpha-1 antitrypsin was shown to prevent preterm birth induced by inflammation. While high body mass index remains a risk factor, this genetic discovery offers a potential new pathway for addressing preterm birth, which remains a significant global maternal and child health challenge.