University of Turin and Milan Unveil Biodiversity Risk Indicator

Researchers from the University of Turin and the University of Milan have introduced a new metric called “Biodiversity Risk” to better gauge the impact of global food supply chains on biodiversity. The indicator combines the area of forest converted to agriculture with the ecological value of the ecosystems, accounting for species vulnerability and endemism, rather than measuring deforestation alone.

Using satellite data on forest loss and trade flow information for 157 agricultural products, the study links production in 166 supplier countries to consumption in 195 nations between 2005 and 2022. Published in Ecological Economics on 30 July 2026, the work aims to reveal hidden environmental costs of items such as coffee, cocoa, meat, palm oil, soy and rubber, providing a more comprehensive picture for policymakers and consumers.