University of Turku researchers discover mechanism in aggressive colorectal cancer spread

Researchers from the University of Turku and the Gustave Roussy Institute have identified a molecular mechanism that influences how aggressive mucinous colorectal cancer cells spread. The study, published in Nature Communications, focuses on mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma, a form of cancer accounting for 10–15% of colorectal cases and more frequently affecting women and young adults.

Unlike typical colorectal cancers, this type spreads via small, compact clusters known as tumor spheres. The researchers discovered that these spheres can become ‘inverted,’ meaning they secrete a layer of mucus on their surface rather than keeping it inside. This inverted structure acts as a protective shield that facilitates movement through the abdominal cavity, enables more effective tissue invasion, and increases resistance to chemotherapy.

Once these spheres reach the peritoneum, some revert to a conventional state where the mucus is internal, allowing the cluster to attach firmly to surrounding tissue and form new tumors. This discovery may assist in identifying patients at the highest risk for peritoneal metastasis, potentially improving prognosis and treatment strategies.