University of Wisconsin researchers develop self-powering pacemaker

Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have developed an experimental triboelectric nanogenerator designed to power leadless pacemakers using the heart's own kinetic energy. The device converts the mechanical motion of heart contractions and relaxations into electricity, potentially eliminating the need for traditional batteries in cardiac implants.

Currently, leadless pacemakers like the Medtronic Micra rely on batteries that last approximately seven to ten years. Because these devices are implanted directly inside the heart, replacing them can be difficult and may require multiple procedures over a patient's lifetime. The new nanogenerator is designed to fit within the existing battery compartment of current leadless models, ensuring the overall device size does not increase.

Laboratory tests demonstrated a power density of 276.6 microwatts per cubic centimeter, which is roughly ten times higher than previous similar technologies. In live animal testing involving pigs, the device successfully stimulated heart rhythms for one month without significant side effects. While the technology is registered with the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, it is expected to take several years before it reaches clinical application and commercial availability.