US‑Saudi Civil Nuclear Cooperation Agreement Reached
The United States and Saudi Arabia have signed a 123 Agreement under the Atomic Energy Act to cooperate on civilian nuclear power. Energy Secretary Chris Wright and Saudi Energy Minister Abdulaziz bin Salman signed the pact, which will allow Saudi Arabia to build nuclear reactors using U.S. technology and, under a possible joint study, to develop domestic uranium‑enrichment capability. The 30‑year deal is described by the U.S. Department of Energy as “historic,” promising U.S. jobs, a multi‑billion‑dollar partnership and reinforcement of global non‑proliferation standards. Unlike previous U.S. accords, the agreement does not require Saudi Arabia to adopt the IAEA’s Additional Protocol, prompting criticism from non‑proliferation experts and members of Congress who warn it could open a path to nuclear weapons. The agreement now proceeds to the U.S. Congress for review; if unchallenged within 90 days it will take effect. U.S. officials say the arrangement will expand American nuclear‑technology exports, bolster strategic ties with a key Gulf ally, and adhere to the highest safety and safeguard standards.