USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory uses ocean noise to monitor eruptions

Scientists at the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory are utilizing a technique called ambient noise interferometry to monitor volcanic activity. This method involves analyzing continuous ocean noise signals recorded on seismometers to detect changes in the speed at which these signals travel through a volcano.

Changes in signal velocity can indicate physical shifts beneath the surface. As magma moves toward the surface, it can create fractures and cracks in the overlying rock, causing ocean noise signals to slow down. Conversely, as magma accumulates in shallow storage chambers, it can push against the caldera rim and close existing fractures, which allows the signals to travel more rapidly. Researchers use these velocity changes, specifically at Kīlauea, to help identify when and where an eruption might occur.