US‑Saudi nuclear cooperation deal faces criticism and uncertainty

President Donald Trump announced a U.S.–Saudi nuclear cooperation agreement in July 2026, then later said its implementation would depend on Saudi recognition of Israel. The deal would allow Saudi Arabia to work with U.S. firms on civilian nuclear power, subject to strict U.S. consent for any uranium enrichment or plutonium reprocessing and to inspections by the International Atomic Energy Agency. Critics argue the arrangement could provide a pathway to nuclear weapons for Saudi Arabia and increase regional proliferation risks, while supporters contend it could help limit nuclear spread, strengthen U.S.–Saudi relations, and support broader Middle‑East peace efforts. The agreement remains in limbo as Congress and the White House consider next steps, including a two‑year study on the economic and safety aspects of Saudi nuclear fuel production.