Vehicle maintenance and driving habits impact fuel efficiency

Technical issues and driving habits can significantly impact vehicle fuel efficiency. According to Marin Morava, a technical advisor for the Croatian Automobile Club, certain mechanical faults can increase fuel consumption by up to 50 percent. Key technical causes include malfunctioning brake calipers or parking brakes that remain partially engaged, incorrect wheel geometry, and low tire pressure. Additionally, issues within the engine's intake or exhaust systems, such as damaged air lines in turbocharged engines, dirty sensors, or faulty thermostats, can lead to higher consumption.

Driving conditions also play a critical role. Short trips of less than five kilometers, especially when the engine is cold, are highly inefficient. Driving in cold weather, navigating inclines, or carrying extra weight further increases fuel usage.

Regarding winter driving, mechanic Juan José Ebenezer notes that using the car's heating system does not significantly increase fuel consumption in internal combustion engines. This is because the heat used for the cabin is a byproduct of the engine's operation, utilizing warmed coolant via a heat exchanger. While using air conditioning can increase engine load due to the compressor, standard heating primarily uses the fan, which has a minimal impact compared to the perceived savings of driving in a cold cabin.