Violence escalates in Iran's Sistan and Baluchistan province

The Sistan and Baluchistan province in southeastern Iran is experiencing a surge in armed attacks, bombings, and clashes, particularly in the provincial capital, Zahedan, and surrounding areas. Recent incidents have resulted in casualties among members of the Revolutionary Guard, the Basij militia, and a Sunni cleric.

The region, which borders Pakistan and Afghanistan, is home to the Baluchi ethnic minority. It is characterized by extreme poverty and significant deficiencies in education, infrastructure, and water access. Economic activity in the area is heavily influenced by the smuggling of fuel from Iran to Pakistan and the smuggling of opium into Iran, which has led to an increased military presence along the borders.

Political tension is rising as various Baluchi armed groups, some seeking independence, operate within the region. While cross-border coordination has not been formally proven, the formation of the Popular Fighters Front (PFF) in December 2025—a coalition of Iranian Baluchi opposition groups—suggests a potential move toward better-coordinated political and military activities. Data from Iran Human Rights indicates that the Baluchi population has accounted for a significant and increasing percentage of executions in Iran over recent years.