Vitamin D deficiency and its impact on human health

Vitamin D deficiency is a growing global health concern influenced by modern lifestyles, indoor living, and limited sun exposure. When serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D fall below critical thresholds, typically 20 ng/ml, the body's ability to absorb calcium and phosphorus is compromised.

Physically, this deficiency can lead to significant musculoskeletal issues. In children, it may cause rickets, while adults may develop osteomalacia. Symptoms often include deep bone pain in the lower back, pelvis, hips, and legs, as well as muscle weakness—particularly in the thighs and pelvic area—which can make tasks like climbing stairs difficult.

Beyond bone health, low vitamin D levels are linked to impacts on the immune, cardiovascular, and neurological systems. Research suggests correlations between deficiency and increased susceptibility to infections, as well as potential links to mood disorders and depressive symptoms. Because many individuals remain asymptomatic until the condition reaches advanced stages, regular screening is noted as an important preventative measure.